Invasive species are transforming ecosystems and communities across British Columbia. Often introduced unintentionally, they lack natural predators or pathogens to keep their populations in check. They can reproduce and spread rapidly, often along transportation corridors through the movement of vehicles, people, and equipment. Land disturbances, global trade, as well as the horticultural, recreation, and tourism industries further accelerate invasive species spread. The consequences are far-reaching, including significant ecological, economic, and social impacts.
First Nations in B.C. are no exception. From the coast to the interior, First Nations are experiencing significant disruptions to cultural practices, food security, community safety, and well-being. The lands and waters they have stewarded since time immemorial face ongoing challenges and looming impacts from invasive species.
To raise awareness of the cultural impacts of invasive species, a new three-part case study, developed collaboratively by Two Row Innovations, shares voices from First Nations and territories across B.C. Each chapter highlights key species and ecosystems at risk. While details vary across territories, a common theme rang loud and clear: First Nations leadership in invasive species management is vital to stewarding lands and waters from invasive species and safeguarding cultural values for future generations.
Drawing on the collective input, knowledge, and experiences of community members, the case study explores how several First Nations are responding to invasive species impacts. Each chapter presents a distinct, local perspective on invasive species management and the challenges shared by all who live, work, and play on the lands and waters.
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Chapter 1: The Impacts of Invasive Species in the Traditional Nlaka’pamux Territory
This chapter focuses on the grasslands, forests, subalpine and freshwater ecosystems in Nlaka’pamux Territory and the interdependence among First Nations communities, native species, and habitats. Many culturally significant species, such as salmon, bitterroot, and huckleberries, are affected by invasive species, including yellow perch, cheatgrass, and knapweed. This chapter details the nature of those impacts, as well as initiatives in the territory to protect local ecosystems and manage invasive species spread.
Chapter 2: The Impacts of Invasive Species in the Syilx Traditional Territory
This chapter details the many impacts of invasive species across the diverse ecosystems of the Syilx Territory. This territory is home to many trout and salmon populations, which are threatened by invasive fish and altered habitats. On land, traditional foods and medicinal plants also face pressure from invasive species. This chapter emphasizes the value of collaborative stewardship between Indigenous and non-Indigenous partners, and the importance of including traditional knowledge in long-term management strategies.
Chapter 3: Invading Waters, Invading Lands: First Nations Stories of Resilience in British Columbia, Canada
This chapter is centered on the impacts and management of invasive knotweeds and European green crab. These highly invasive species are significantly disrupting coastal ecosystems and cultural values, as described by several First Nations experiencing their impacts firsthand. Perspectives are shared on the successes and challenges of managing these species, using collaborative, culturally informed approaches.
Together, these chapters form an important case study for anyone living in or visiting B.C. Understanding how invasive species are affecting First Nations and how they are leading effective, local responses rooted in traditional knowledge offers valuable lessons for everyone. Protecting ecosystems from the negative impacts of invasive species is critical to sustaining cultural resources – these actions are inseparable and intricately connected. Furthermore, guidance and leadership from Indigenous Peoples will help ensure that invasive species management efforts throughout B.C. uphold cultural values and identities across territories. After all, invasive species present a shared challenge for all people living in B.C., and it is our collective responsibility to protect the place we call home.
ISCBC is grateful to everyone who offered their knowledge and insights to shape this work, and to Cody Thomas of Two Row Innovations for his thoughtful approach to gathering and sharing that knowledge. Funding for this project was provided by Teck Resources Limited and the BC Ministry of Forests.
(include Teck and MOF logos – provided with case study)
Lara Phillips is a Special Projects Lead at ISCBC. Driven by a lifelong passion for the natural world, she is dedicated to environmental stewardship through collaborative, experiential approaches. Beyond her work, she loves to run, paddle, or trek across BC’s diverse ecosystems. You can reach Lara at lphillips@bcinvasives.ca
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